Bulletin - A Bulletin is a temporary change to an existing policy or procedure and has an expiration date to be removed from the manual. Bulletins will be highlighted.

Note TransFloridian, at its option, may change, delete, suspend, or discontinue parts or the policy in its entirety, at any time without prior notice. These changes will be reflected in Red and a Revision will be issued.

2 Department Of Transportation

The Department of Transportation was established by an act of Congress on October 15, 1966, the Department’s first official day of operation was April 1, 1967. The mission of the Department is to:

Serve the United States by ensuring a fast, safe, efficient, accessible and convenient transportation system that meets our vital national interests and enhances the quality of life of the American people, today and into the future.

There are several divisions of the Department of Transportation. The most simplistic way to view the DOT is broken into two groups, Federal and State.

The Federal Department of Transportation oversees the Nationwide Regulatory Compliance, while the State Department of Transportation deals primarily with city, county, and Statewide Regulatory Compliance.

3 Company Policy

TransFloridian, nor any of its employees, will knowingly violate any rules, regulations, or guidelines set forth in this Operations Manual, Local or Federal Laws, or Regulatory restrictions. Any questions, comments, or concerns should be brought forward immediately to your departmental supervisor. If there is anything that you do not understand about the Federal laws and Regulatory requirements for which TransFloridian operates under, please see your Operations Director immediately. He will be happy to assist you with any and all concerns and questions that you may have.

4 Duty Time Limitations

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration has set regulations for Motorcoach Operator Duty Time Limitations. Following is a table for you to better understand these regulations:

Duty Period	Driving Period	Rest Period
15 Hours	10 Hours	8 Hours

Days Worked	Days Off	Maximum Hours
7	1	60
8	2	70

A Motorcoach Operator can be extended by an additional two hours of duty time if they Are released from duty at the normal work reporting location for the previous 5 duty tours AND ,

Return to the normal work reporting location and are released from work within 16 hours AND,

Have not used this exception within the last 6 days, except following a 34 - hour restart of a 7/8 day period. This is a very rear occurrence and should not effect you very often. If you find yourself in a position where you may run over your legal 10 hours of driving duty status time, please call your Operations director once you discover this so a solution maybe worked out ahead of time.

Duty Period	Driving Period	Rest Period
17 Hours	12 Hours	10 Hours

These regulations are set forth by government regulations, which TransFloridian Company policy cannot change. However, as a company, we have the right to go above and beyond these regulations, so long as it does not go below.

Duty Period	Driving Period	Rest Period
12 Hours	10 Hours	12 Hours

Days Worked	Days Off	Maximum Hours
5	2	60

TransFloridian will not require its crew (On-Board Attendants and Professional Motorcoach Operators) to work more than 12 Hour Duty Periods. Additionally, No employee will be “scheduled” to work more than 5 day work weeks.

NOTE – If it is the desire of the Crew Member to pick up additional shifts (Open Time) that is completely up to the Employee however Professional Motorcoach Operators may not exceed 60 Driving Hours in a 7 day period as per the governmental regulation.

5 Crew Break Periods

Upon arrival at an outstation, each Crew Member is entitled to a scheduled break period not to be reduced below 15 Minutes.

Professional Motorcoach Operators may utilize any time for physiological needs by simply taking the Motor Coach off into an approved break area.

On-Board Attendants – Please view the On-Board Attendants Manual for further clarification on your procedures of Professional Motorcoach Operator Breaks.

6 Continuous Duty Overnights

A Continuous Duty Overnight is also commonly referred to as a “Red Eye”. This is when the Departure is in the late evening hours and the arrival is scheduled for early morning hours. Please view the example:

7 Commercial Drivers License (CDL)

Seven new provisions in the regulation address the following: disqualification for driving while suspended, disqualified, or causing a fatality; emergency disqualification of drivers posing an imminent hazard; expanded definition of serious traffic violations; extended driver record check; new notification requirements; masking prohibition; disqualification for violations obtained while driving a noncommercial motor vehicle (CMV).

The Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999 requires the agency to withhold Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program grant funds from the states if they do not comply with the regulation.

A new masking prohibition does not prevent a conviction from appearing on a driver's record and requires making conviction information available to authorized parties.

Applicants for an initial CDL, and those transferring or renewing a CDL, must provide state driver licensing agency personnel with the name of all states where previously licensed for the past ten years to drive any type of motor vehicle, allowing state officials to obtain an applicant's complete driving record. The final rule limits this record check to CDL drivers initially renewing their license after the effective date of this rulemaking.

States must maintain a CDL driver-history record noting an individual's convictions for state or local motor-vehicle traffic-control laws while operating any type of motor vehicle. Information on these convictions and other licensing actions must be kept a minimum of three years. Disqualifying offenses range from three years to life.

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) may prohibit a state from issuing, renewing, transferring, or upgrading CDLs if the agency determined the state is in substantial noncompliance with the CDL licensing and sanctioning requirements.

The new rule specifies applicants must pass both knowledge and a skills test to obtain a new school-bus endorsement. The regulation requires the FMCSA to create a new endorsement CDL holders must obtain to operate a school bus.

Under the new regulation, a driver may apply for a CDL from another state if the state he lives in was decertified and if the other state to which he applies elects to issue that license. States are authorized, but not required, to issue nonresident CDLs to such drivers.

A CDL disqualifying offenses section was revised to show driver violations for CDL holders and a CMV. The charts describe an offense and the ensuing penalty.

The regulations add these serious traffic violations: driving a CMV without obtaining a CDL; driving a CMV without a CDL in the driver's possession; and driving a CMV without the proper CDL and/or endorsement. Driver disqualification can result if a driver is convicted two or more times within a three-year period.

States must be connected to the CDLIS and the National Driver Register (NDR) to exchange information about CMV drivers and traffic convictions and disqualifications. A state must check CDLIS, NDR, and the current State of licensure before a CDL can be issued, renewed, upgraded, or transferred to make sure the driver is not disqualified or has a license from more than one state. Employers, including motor carriers, are authorized users of CDLIS data and, therefore, have access to an employees' or an applicants' driving record.

New notification requirements necessitate that states inform CDLIS and the state issuing the CDL no later than 10 days after disqualifying, revoking, suspending, or canceling a CDL, or refusing to allow someone for at least 60 days to operate a CMV. Beginning three years after the final rule's effective date, notification of traffic-violation convictions must occur within 30 days of the conviction. Six years after the final rule's effective date, notification of traffic-violation convictions must occur within ten days of the conviction.

States whose CDL program may fail to meet compliance requirements, but are making a "good-faith effort" to comply with the CDL requirements, are eligible to receive emergency CDL grants.

The FMCSA decided to merge all the CDL provisions into one final rule with one effective date because they were so closely related to one another.

TransFloridian does not require CDL’s for any vehicle under a passenger capacity of 14 passengers or less. Vehicles carrying more than 15 Passengers require a CDL.

8 CDL Endorsements

All Professional Motorcoach Operations must obtain a Passenger Endorsement in addition to their Commercial Drivers Licenses to operate vehicles with more than a 15 passenger capacity. In addition, All Professional Motorcoach Operators are required to have their Air Brake Endorsement as well. No Professional Motorcoach Operator shall operate company equipment without having each of these endorsements on their current driver’s license. There are no exceptions.

9 Pre-Departure Inspections

No commercial motor vehicle shall be driven unless the driver is satisfied that the following parts and accessories are in good working order, nor shall any driver fail to use or make use of such parts and accessories when and as needed:

Before driving a bus make sure it is mechanically safe. Passenger safety starts with a good vehicle safety inspection. Buses have special passenger safety features. Check to see that these features work.

Check the emergency exits for ease of operation, correct markings and to ensure that any warning buzzers or devices properly work. The Emergency Exit sign must be clearly visible. If there is a red emergency door light, it must work. Turn it on any time you use your outside lights. Emergency exit doors must be secured when you operate the bus.

The Bus Interior must always be checked. The interior of the bus must be in good condition before driving to ensure passenger safety. Aisle and stairwells must always be clear. The following parts of your bus must be in safe working conditions.

A functional, fully charged fire extinguisher. The fire extinguisher should be shaken during each pre-trip inspection to ensure that the chemicals inside do not go “ flat “ and that they still are properly mixed. Make sure to check the gauge on the extinguisher that its in the green area. If the gauge is not in the green area, report this finding on your pre-trip inspection report.

The driver’s seat should have a seat belt. Ensure it works properly and remember to wear it. The law requires you to wear your seat belts. No Professional Motorcoach Operator at TransFloridian shall operate company equipment without wearing their seatbelt at all times while the coach is in motion. No Exceptions.

Bus drivers must depend on mirrors to watch their passengers and safely drive their bus. Make sure inside and outside mirrors are cleaned and properly adjusted.

Roof Hatches shall only be opened in the event of needed ventilation due to AC Malfunctions or during a actual emergency where evacuation is required. Otherwise, No Professional Motorcoach Operator shall knowingly operate their coach with the roof hatches in the partial or fully open position.

Keep in mind the higher clearance of the bus while driving with them open. Each roof hatch will add a additional 2 ½ inches to the overall height of the coach. This is very important to remember especially when driving under bridges and going through tunnels.

The main A/C switch shall remain “ OFF “ until the coach has departed the parking facility and is actually on the main street before turning the switch to the “ ON “ position. Upon returning to the parking facility, the main A/C switch must be placed in the “ OFF “ position before entering the parking lot. Because the parking lot is gravel covered, the dust from the gravel collects inside the A/C system and causing major problems with the system. It is every Professional Motorcoach Operators responsibility to ensure that this policy is followed each and every time that he / she operates a TransFloridian Motorcoach.

10 Maintenance

Each Motorcoach operated by TransFloridian is maintained by an outside resource. Preventative and Heavy Maintenance is handled by Pompano Ford. Each 2^nd Wednesday, the Motorcoach will be taken off-line for approximately 6 hours for preventative maintenance procedures. This includes oil change and other preventative measures. All Maintenance and repairs must be authorized by the Operations Manager.

The Professional Motorcoach Operator will conduct a daily inspection of Oil Levels in addition to the items mentioned in section 10 of this manual. (Please see Professional Motorcoach Operators Checklist) At no time is a Motorcoach operator authorized to make any repairs or perform any Maintenance procedure on any TransFloridian Motorcoaches without prior permission and knowledge from the Operations Director. Any unauthorized repairs and Maintenance procedures will not be reimbursed by TransFloridian.

11 Fuel Efficiency

The Glaval Universals are designed to be fuel efficient if operated correctly. Some helpful tips are to maintain normal speed limits and accelerating smoothly as opposed to “gunning it”. TransFloridian operates Glaval Universals with automatic transmissions. However, the transmission still must be shifted as if driving a manual transmission. Starting out from a full stop position, your gear selector shall be in 2^nd gear and by engine sound, shift up to the next gear when appropriate. Same procedure when slowing down and coming to a stop, you must downshift the coach. By doing this, you save wear and tear on the transmission, on the engine, on oil consumption and on fuel efficiency. Please adhere to this procedure. Please see the Director of Operations if you need any assistance in learning how to properly shift an automatic ford transmission.

12 Fueling Procedures

Please follow the assigned manual to the Motorcoach and follow fueling procedures outlined for that specific model.

13 Speed Enforcement

All TransFloridian vehicles are expected to be driven by professionals that obey local speed enforcement laws. TransFloridian will not be responsible for violations incurred by employees whom are not obeying speed restrictions.

Please ensure that you are alert of all Speed Limit postings and laws that govern School Zones, Construction Areas, and all others that may have imposed reduce normal speed. If you have any questions, please contact Employee Services.

14 Speed Enforcements

Defensive driving is far safer than offensive driving. The following are some safety tips that you should be aware of when operating a Motorcoach:

If you encounter an aggressive driver, remember these tips: Don't block the passing lane.

o Don't challenge other drivers by speeding up to hold your own in your travel lane.

Apply brake pressure steadily at the beginning of a stop and then ease off as the vehicle slows down.

Just before the vehicle comes to a complete stop, gently release the brake, keeping only enough pressure to hold the vehicle when stopped. This will prevent any noticeable jerking when stopping.

When starting from a complete stop, make sure that you do not gun the engine and are in the proper gear. This will prevent passengers from being jerked around and for passengers who are standing up from falling down and possibly injuring themselves.

Managing the space ahead of your bus and looking far enough ahead helps you to drive smoothly. Many drivers do not look far enough ahead.

Remember to look ahead the distance you will travel in 12 to 15 seconds. About 1/4 mile at highway speeds.

Leave at least 1 second for each 10 feet of vehicle length. Also add 1 second for speeds over 40 MPH.

That’s 4 seconds for a 40-foot bus at 35 MPH and 5 seconds at speeds over 40 MPH.

Turns and Curves When making turns or going around curves, slow down so you can maintain control. Slow to a safe speed before entering curves, and then accelerate slightly through them. Make sure that you are in the proper gear and maintaining proper speed when entering and leaving curves.

If you take a turn too fast, you risk injuries to your passenger by tossing them from side to side. Also taking a turn too fast may result in a skid or rollover.

When entering a down grade, make sure that you downshift your gears in order to maintain speed control and engine over speed abuse. This also prevents your airbrakes from overheating and possibly having a fire due to excessive heat and friction. Same with climbing uphill grades. Make sure your in a lower gear that can handle the climb of the grade. By doing so, you save on major fuel consumption, oil burn and wear and tear on the transmission and engine. Leaving the coach in high gear will only cause the engine to lugg and put major wear and tear on all the components of the engine and transmission.

15 Security

During the boarding process, Motorcoach Operators, On-Board Attendants, and Boarding Agents play a vital role in ensuring passenger safety and security. Any suspicious behavior must be questioned. Do not ever assume that security is not an issue for TransFloridian Motorcoaches. The fact is, it is a highly visible means of public transportation and a potential target for wrongdoers. If you have any suspicions what so ever about a passenger, you are to contact the Operations Director immediately. Passengers who are intoxicated at the time of boarding pose a serious risk not only to themselves and other passengers but to the driver, the onboard attendant and the overall safety of the Motorcoach. If you have a passenger who is highly intoxicated upon boarding, you are to contact the Director of Operations immediately for further instructions. At no time is any alcohol beverage to be served to a already intoxicated passenger. No exceptions. At no time may a passenger consume alcoholic beverages on board a vehicle unless it is purchased from the on board attendant or provided as part of a catering package purchased by the passenger. Alcohol purchase by a passenger at a “convenience stop” can not be consumed on board and must remain in full, direct view of on board personnel at all times. At no time may a passenger engage in or bring aboard a vehicle substances that are illegal by Federal, State or Local ordinances. Contact the Director of Operations immediately if any of these conditions are witnessed or suspected. We are responsible for the passengers well being and safety.

When placing luggage into the cargo bins, special attention should be spent to weight, unusual shapes, and smells. Do not hesitate to have a passenger open the bag for a visual inspection. Before departing, all overhead bins must be in the closed position. During the operation of the coach, the onboard attendant shall make sure that all overhead bins are in the closed position if passengers forget to close the bins themselves after entering. This is extremely important for it prevents the objects inside the bins already from becoming flying projectiles within the coach.

16 Security Compliance

The Motorcoaches are operated and owned by TransFloridian, Inc. As a result, we maintain the right as a company to inspect all passengers and baggage that enters our fleet. A positive Identification match will be conducted for each and every crew and passenger that boards our fleet. We reserve the right to refuse boarding to any passenger who refuses to comply with this policy. You are to contact the Operations Director immediately if there should be a problem carrying out this procedure.

17 Safety

Motorcoach Operators and On-Board Attendants are responsible for the safety of their passengers. Passengers expect the crew to take charge during an emergency. The action you, the crew, take can save lives and prevent injuries.

Your first and most important responsibility is to protect your passengers and yourself. Life is more important than the bus or other property.

There may be times when you have to evacuate the bus. In the case of a fire or accident, a speedy evacuation could be critical. If you must evacuate the bus:

Remain calm and in control at all times. Passengers are looking to you to know what to do and how to handle the situation. If you’re in a panic state, the passengers will become panicked and scared.

Briefly explain the emergency. Example: “There is a fire in the engine compartment; everyone must get off the bus.

Tell the passengers which exits to use and where to go once they are off the bus.

Example: Everyone stay calm and exit through the front door, once you’re off the bus stay off the highway and walk along the side of the road to the gas station. Please stay together in a group.”

Keep passengers in a group and as far away from the bus and traffic as possible.

Once passengers are off the coach, they should be kept a distance of 500 feet away from the coach. Passengers should be instructed to walk directly away from the coach and towards the front of the coach to a safe place. This prevents any possible injuries to our passengers from traffic that is still moving.

In some cases it may be better to keep your passengers on the bus. If the bus breaks down on the interstate highway, keeping passengers on the bus may be safer. The bus driver must decide if they should evacuate or leave the passengers on the bus. At no time shall a Motorcoach Operator allow any passenger to exit the coach to “ Smoke a cigarette “ while waiting for repair services to arrive. You are responsible for their safety at all times.

Only push or tow a bus with passengers aboard if getting off the bus would be more risky for the passengers.

If your bus stalls on railroad tracks as rail traffic approaches, evacuate all passengers immediately.

Direct the passengers to move in the direction of the approaching train and away from the tracks. By moving toward the direction of the oncoming train they may avoid injury from flying debris when the collision occurs.

18 Safety Compliance

You should be particularly cautious in crossing railroad tracks because of the human lives in your custody.

Where traffic is protected by crossing gates or flashing lights signal which give warning of an approaching train.

Where an official traffic control device indicates stopping requirements do not apply.

Stop 15 to 50 feet from the nearest rail and look both ways and listen for approaching trains.

If no trains are approaching, move across the tracks (do not change gears while crossing the tracks);

When crossing multiple tracks, remember to watch for approaching trains on all tracks.

When traffic “stop and go” signal protects the drawbridge; or Where an attendant or traffic officer controls the drawbridge traffic. Use the following procedures as you approach a drawbridge.

Slow down and look to see if a signal, attendant, or officer controls the drawbridge traffic.

19 Hazardous Materials

TransFloridian does not allow the transport of Hazardous Materials or the transport of Bio hazardous Materials, i.e... blood and blood products. If ever in doubt about a passenger’s personal luggage / cargo, please call the Operations Director immediately for further assistance.

20 Log Books

Please refer to Title 49 CFR Part 395 – Hours of Service of the Department Of Transportation. Copies of Log Books are to be turned into the Corporate Office to the Operations Manager each week on Thursdays. Please make sure that you turn in as well all Pre- Trip inspection reports from each vehicle that you drive during the course of the week. Each line on your log must be filled in, no exceptions. On days that you are off, each line must have a NA on it that doesn’t pertain to the actual days events ( i.e., total miles today, total miles driving today, vehicle numbers, ect...ect...) All logs that are not filled out properly will be returned to the driver for corrections. Corrections must be made with in 24 hrs and returned to the Operations Manager. No Exceptions. Number one reason for Motorcoach Operators being placed out of service and receiving fines from the D.O.T. is violations on their log books and hours of operations violations. Any fines occurred by the driver due to log violations are the responsibility of the Motorcoach Operator.

Log Books are not necessary when driving company vehicles carrying less than 15 passengers.

21 Driver Annual Review

Each year, in the anniversary month of the date of hire for all Motorcoach Operators, an audit on all necessary records will be conducted. This includes medical evaluation, vision and drug screening, validity of CDL with Passenger Certificate, an overview of Company Policy, and a completion of the annual compliance checklist.

Any driving violations in your personal vehicle must be reported to the Director of Operations with in 24 hours as required under current D.O.T. regulations. Failure to report any violations in your personal vehicle will result in immediate suspension of operating any TransFloridian Motorcoaches and equipment.

22 Whistleblower Protection Act

May my company fire me, write me up, treat me differently, or favor others if I blew the whistle on my company? I found or know about violations of Federal safety and health regulations relating to commercial motor vehicle safety.

No, a motor carrier employer may not discharge, discipline or discriminate against an employee regarding pay, terms, or privileges of employment because you did one of the following five actions:

You filed a complaint related to a violation of a commercial motor vehicle safety regulation.

You began a proceeding related to a violation of a commercial motor vehicle safety regulation.

You have testified in a proceeding related to a violation of a commercial motor vehicle safety regulation.

You will testify in a proceeding related to a violation of a commercial motor vehicle safety regulation.

You refused to operate a commercial motor vehicle, because of one of the following two items.

You had a reasonable apprehension you, or someone else, would have been seriously injured or impaired had you operated the unsafe vehicle. You asked your employer to correct the unsafe vehicle's condition, but your employer refused to correct the unsafe condition.

2. Drive a commercial motor vehicle, as an independent contractor, when you personally operated the commercial motor vehicle.

5. Any job for a motor carrier directly affecting commercial motor vehicle safety in the course of employment. The employee cannot be an employee of the United States government, a State, or a political subdivision of a State acting in the course of employment.

You or another person at your request may file a complaint with the Secretary of the United States Department of Labor.

The Secretary of Labor would prefer you send the complaint directly to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Area Director responsible for enforcement activities in the geographical area where you reside or where you reported for duty. Filing your complaint with any OSHA officer or employee, however, is sufficient, according to 29 CFR 1978.102 Filing of discrimination complaint.

Visit the OSHA web site at osha.gov to obtain the address where you should file your complaint.

What may I do if my discharge, discipline, or discrimination happened more than 180 days ago?

You may still file your complaint, or another person at your request may file your complaint, with the OSHA Area Director acting on behalf of the Secretary of Labor, but the OSHA Area Director has the discretion to decline your complaint as untimely.

The name of the person who discharged you, or disciplined or discriminated against you.

I filed a complaint related to a violation of a commercial motor vehicle safety regulation.

I began a proceeding related to a violation of a commercial motor vehicle safety regulation.

I have testified in a proceeding related to a violation of a commercial motor vehicle safety regulation.

I will testify in a proceeding related to a violation of a commercial motor vehicle safety regulation.

I refused to operate a commercial motor vehicle because of one of the following two items.

I had a reasonable apprehension I, or someone else, would have been seriously injured or impaired had I operated the unsafe vehicle. I asked my employer to correct the unsafe vehicle's condition, but my employer refused to correct the unsafe condition.

23 Fatigue

A large number of studies have been carried out on the work and health of bus drivers, particularly those operating in metropolitan areas. These studies tend to yield very comparable results, showing that the job of a bus driver makes high demands, yet offers only low control and low support. This combination spells stress and, consequently, an increased risk of physical and mental occupational ill health, leading to absenteeism and to decreased productivity of employees and enterprises.

Studies show that absenteeism among bus drivers for reasons of sickness is significantly higher than in other comparable professional groups. Bus drivers who have to leave their jobs for medical reasons do so on average at a younger age than most comparable groups of employees. The main health problems which they suffer relate to the back, tendons and joints, as well as mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases.

The task of a bus driver is mentally demanding because it involves having to cope with conflicting demands. The company and the public want the driver to maintain good contact with passengers and to be service-oriented, for example through the provision of information to passengers on timetables, routes, stops, fares, etc. However, the need to provide service to individual passengers often conflicts with the requirement to keep to a tight schedule in dense traffic. A further demand, which may conflict with the previous two, is the need to drive safely according to traffic regulations and conditions.

A bus driver’s cabin is subject to several constraints, and the seat often lacks sufficient adjustability. Moreover, it is becoming more and more common for transport personnel of all types to be subject to threats and violence from disorderly and troublesome passengers. Work schedules are another major source of stress. Bus drivers often have to work on shifts, and even on split shifts, while their days off may be irregular and may not coincide with those of their families.

At anytime while operating a TransFloridian Motorcoach and you should start feeling fatigue set in, you are to stop in a rest area or a place of safety and get up out of the seat. Go outside the coach for some fresh air and walk around abit. Orange juice and peanut butter crackers help prevent fatigue from setting in.

If for any reason that you did not secure enough rest while off duty and don’t feel that you can complete your trip without fatigue setting in, you are required to call the Operations Director as far in advance of your scheduled report time. We would rather find another driver to take your schedule than run the risk of you falling asleep and injuring yourself and our passengers. Please do not be afraid to say something about fatigue. It happens to the best of us, regardless of experience and years behind the wheel. We all our human and we all have our physical limitations. At no time shall a driver be disciplined because they are fatigued.

Based on practical examples, the manual contains a series of recommendations on how to prevent and combat work stress among bus drivers. It points out that stress management has traditionally focused on individual approaches, usually by counseling individuals or small groups of employees on ways to adapt to, or cope with various occupational stressors and/or their consequences. However, it goes on to emphasize the importance of combining this approach with measures to adjust the work environment to the abilities and needs of workers, through a better person-environment fit. The recommendations and suggestions cover several main areas:

ergonomics of the driver’s cabin, with particular reference to the position and adjustment of the seat, steering wheel and pedals, the visibility and marking of the dashboard, the adaptation of the working space to both large and small drivers and the provision of adequate training, especially where new bus models are introduced. One recommendation, directed in particular at bus companies in developing countries, where the use of older buses may be common, is for the periodical maintenance of buses, with the timely repair and replacement of used parts.

timetables, shift schedules and the quality of break periods: in addition to the limitation of weekly and daily working hours, the frequency of breaks and adequate periods of rest between working days, the main recommendations are: the organization of work for several consecutive days on the same shift (rather than changing shifts every day), combined with the forward rotation of shifts (early shift. followed by day shift, followed by late shift); the avoidance of split shifts (which means, for example, not requiring drivers to work a few hours in the early morning, followed by several hours in the evening); regular assignments rather than day-to-day assignments; and the organization of two days off, rather than single days off, between blocks of working days.

social work environment and management style: the main recommendations in this area include the division of driving staff into a number of groups (of between ten and 20 drivers) with a supervisor and system of work consultation for each group. Supervisors and management should be trained in a supportive style of leadership, which should include a proper information flow and clear explanations as to why certain things are or are not possible. Possibilities should be provided for training and retraining, and special facilities should be provided for older drivers and drivers with health problems, including rehabilitation and individual work resumption plans for drivers returning to work following health problems. Examples are also provided of how to prevent problems related to threats and violence

24 Crew Coordination

Good Crew Coordination between the Professional Motorcoach Operator and the On-Board Attendant is vital. Always conduct a briefing before each daily departure to go over guidelines and communication techniques.

Bus drivers need to consider passenger safety during loading and unloading. Always ensure your passengers are safely on the bus before closing the door and pulling away. All passengers and onboard attendants must be seated before the coach departs. As well, all overhead bins must be in the closed position prior to departure.

Allow passengers enough time to sit down prior to departing. Motorcoach Operators must not depart the departure station until the On-Board Attendant gives the verbal acceptance.

Standees are not permitted on TransFloridian Motorcoaches at anytime. NO EXCEPTIONS.

Do not allow passengers to leave carry-on baggage in a doorway or aisle. All onboard baggage must be secured safely in the overhead bins or under their seat. The aisle must remain clear of any objects at all times. No items shall ever be placed in the main aisle way. It is the responsibility of the driver as well as the On-board Attendant to make sure that this policy is carried out at all times.

Secure baggage and freight in ways that avoids damage, allows the driver to move freely and easily, allows riders to exit by any window or door in emergency, and protects riders from injury if carry-ons fall or shift.

25 Crew Resource Management

It is absolutely imperative that the OBA and the PMCO maintain an open line of communication. A briefing must be conducted prior to the 1^st passenger boarding. Some topics that should be covered by the briefing are:

A key to a smooth trip is communication. The OBA should always check on the PMCO about every 15 to 30 minutes enroute. Additionally, the OBA should never begin a service until she/he informs the PMCO. The reason for this is the PMCO is instructed to slow to minimum speeds during the actual service portion of the trip allowing more ease in walking up and down the cabin.

26 Passenger Situations

Unsafe Acts You should scan the interior of your bus as well as the road ahead, to the sides, and to the rear. If you see an unsafe act by a passenger takes action to correct it. For example:

Unnecessary conversation with passengers could distract you from the driving task. Avoid discussing problems while driving. Ask passengers to discuss the problems at the next stop.

When these actions become driving hazards, you should stop your bus and then correct the situation.

Occasionally you may have a drunk or disruptive passenger; you must ensure the safety of this passenger as well as that of the others. You may need to call for assistance from your employer or the police.

Don’t discharge disruptive passengers where it would be unsafe for them. It may be safer at the next scheduled stop, or a well lighted area where there are other people.

The use of Cell phones by a Motorcoach Operator for personal calls and business while driving is strictly prohibited. If the driver should find a need to make a call, make sure that the coach is pulled into a safe location and is at a complete and full stop with the parking brakes set before making any calls. There is no excuse for making personal cell phone calls while operating a TransFloridian Motorcoach, even if you have hands free devices attached to your cell phone. NO EXCEPTIONS!!!!!!! The safe operation of your Motorcoach is your responsibility 100% of the time and shall always be your top priority.

27 Fatigue

TransFloridian occasionally will sell charters. For the purposes of our job functions, nothing will change in regards to procedures. However, there may be some additional duties that are included in the charter. For example, if the client desires to be picked up and dropped off in a location other than our affiliated hotels. The information that is provided to you is important. Please review the Charter Information Sheet thoroughly. Ask questions if necessary!

28 Emergency

As with any type of business, occasionally you may run into a situation in which will require you to act quickly and professionally in order to maintain the safety and well being of yourself and your passengers. Please refer to the Emergency Manual for an itemized list of emergencies and how to deal with them

29 Department Of Transportation Definitions

AAA American Automobile Association: A nonprofit federation of 116 motor clubs providing travel, insurance, financial and auto-related services; publishes various reports on issues such as fuel prices, motoring and travel conditions, and automobile expenses.

AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic: Daily traffic that is averaged over a year (see ADT).

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials: National group of transportation agencies whose focus is to study issues and develop policies and standards related to all aspects of transportation.

ADA Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990: A federal law that requires public facilities (including transportation services) to be accessible to persons with disabilities, including those with mental disabilities, temporary disabilities, and the conditions related to substance abuse.

ADT Average Daily Traffic: The number of vehicles passing a fixed point in a day, averaged over a number of days. The number of count days included in the average varies with the intended use of the data.

ANPRM Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: A tool used by the federal government to solicit public input into the development of a proposed regulation; notice usually published in the Federal Register.

APA American Planning Association: National organization of professional planners; focus includes planning policy, lobbying and public information. ART-PLAN Arterial Level of Service Software: A computer software program which is used to evaluate the level of service (LOS) for a segment of arterial roadway with given traffic volumes, signal settings and number of lanes. ART-TAB (see next entry) yields more generalized results than ART-PLAN, while highway capacity software (HCS) yields more specific answers.

ART-TAB Spreadsheet model for arterial level of service (LOS) analysis: Generalized LOS analysis tool. Yields quick answers and inexpensive results due to low cost input data. Often used as a screening or first cut LOS call followed by a more refined ART-PLAN or HCS analysis.

ASP Agency Strategic Plan: A document which identifies goals and objectives that an individual state agency will be focusing on over the next five years; adopted annually by individual state agencies in Florida.

AVO Average Vehicle Occupancy: The ratio of person trips to vehicle trips; often used as a criterion in judging the success of trip reduction programs.

AVR Average Vehicle Ridership: The number of employees scheduled to start work during specified hours divided by the number of vehicles arriving at the site during those same hours.

BMS Bridges Management System: Process for analyzing existing conditions and identifying future needs with respect to bridges; required for the National Highway System (NHS) as a part of ISTEA; the extent to which the remaining public bridges are included in the process is left to the discretion of state and local officials; Flordia Department of Transportation (FDOT) must develop the process by October 1, 1998. C Traffic Signal Cycle Length: Length of time (in seconds) for a traffic signal to cycle through a complete sequence of signal indications.

3-C process Continuing, Cooperative, Comprehensive: Generally used to define qualities of the metropolitan planning organization (MPO) planning process.

CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments: 1990 amendments to the federal Clean Air Act which classify nonattainment areas and lay out rules for dealing with air pollution in such areas; specifically brought transportation decisions into the context of air quality control.

CAC Citizen Advisory Committee: Advisory committee utilized by most metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) for citizen input into the transportation planning process.

CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards: Federal fuel efficiency standards for automobiles.

CAP Commuter Assistance Program: Program funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) which supports numerous congestion-reducing programs in a community in order to achieve the community's traffic reduction and air quality goals.

CBD Central Business District: The area of a community with the most intense commercial and business development.

CFR Code of Federal Regulations: Compilation of the rules of the executive department and agencies of the federal government.

CH. 163 Chapter of the Florida Statutes (F.S.) which requires local governments to develop local comprehensive plans; also contains capital improvements, consistency and concurrency requirements.

CH. 380 Chapter of the Florida Statutes (F.S.) which identifies requirements for the Development of Regional Impact (DRI) program and Areas of Critical State Concern program.

CIE Capital Improvements Element: A required element of local comprehensive plans which evaluates the need for public facilities, their cost and funding/schedule for construction; specific content for the CIE is found in Rule 9J-5.016 of the Florida Administrative Code (F.A.C.) and Chapter 163.3177(3), Florida Statutes.

CMAQ Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program: A new categorical funding program created under ISTEA which directs funding to projects that contribute to meeting national air quality standards in non-attainment areas for ozone and carbon monoxide.

CMS Congestion Management System: A systematic process required under ISTEA to provide information on transportation system performance and identify alternative strategies to alleviate congestion and enhance mobility of persons and goods; process must be developed in Transportation Management Areas (TMAs) and in use by October 1, 1997; the use of CMS in non-TMAs is left to the discretion of state and local officals; in Florida, MPOs will take the lead for the CMS in urbanized areas and FDOT will take the lead elsewhere.

CMS Concurrency Management System: A systematic process utilized by local governments to ensure that new development does not occur unless adequate infrastructure (such as public facilities) is in place to support growth; requirements for the CMS are found in Rule 9J-5.0055, Florida Administrative Code (F.A.C.).

CTCs Community Transportation Coordinators: People contracted by the Transportation Disadvantaged Commission to provide complete, cost-effective and efficient transportation services to transportation disadvantaged (TD) persons.

CUTR Center for Urban Transportation Research: A legislatively created research center, located at the University of South Florida, whose purpose is to conduct and facilitate research and serve as an information exchange on issues related to urban transportation problems in Florida.

DCA Department of Community Affairs: State land planning agency responsible for a number of programs, including Chapters 163 and 380 of the Florida Statutes (F.S.).

DEP Florida Department of Environmental Protection: State agency responsible for the implementation of most of Florida's environmental regulations, including air monitoring and assessment; formerly the Departments of Natural Resources and Environmental Regulation.

DHSMV Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles: State agency responsible for highway patrol, licenses, title and registration functions.

DOT Department of Transportation: Agency responsible for transportation at the local, state or federal level.

DRI Development of Regional Impact: A large-scale development which is required to undergo an extra-local review process; the appropriate regional planning council coordinates the review; the appropriate local government makes the approval decision, with the Florida Department of Community Affairs (DCA) retaining appeal authority; Rule 28-24, F.A.C. identifies types of development subject to DRI review.

DVMT Daily Vehicle Miles of Travel: The total miles traveled by all vehicles in a specific area over a 24-hour period; often used to compare changes in travel patterns over time. EA Environmental Assessment: A study used to determine if a full environmental impact statement (EIS) is required for a project; documents the need for the project, the alternatives considered, the preferred alternative and the impacts of the proposed project.

EAR Evaluation and Appraisal Report: Periodic review and evaluation of a local government comprehensive plan; generally due every five years; requirements for contents are identified in Rule 9J-5.0053, Florida Administrative Code (F.A.C.) and Chapter 163.3191, Florida Statutes (F.S.).

ECO Employee Commute Options: Programs required by the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) which require employers with 100 or more employees (with 33 employees arriving during peak period) to reduce the number of trips to the work site.

EDMS Emission Dispersion Modeling System: A computer software program used to analyze air quality at airports.

EIS Environmental Impact Statement: A comprehensive study of the impacts of and alternatives to proposed projects; required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

ELMS Environmental Land Management Study: Study done by a statewide blue ribbon committee which has convened three different times since the early 1970s, with new members each time; the study provided recommendations to the Governor and Legislature on land and water management issues.

EMIS Emission Interference Program: A Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) computer program which allows the results of the transportation planning model (FSUTMS) to be used in an air quality model which determines emission facts for motor vehicles (MOBILE).

EPA Environmental Protection Agency: A federal agency responsible for dealing with national environmental issues.

ETC Employee Transportation Coordinator: A person who helps employees at a particular work site use carpooling, vanpooling and other ridesharing programs.

FAA Federal Aviation Administration: Federal entity responsible for overseeing air commerce, air traffic control, noise abatement and other related issues.

F.A.C. Florida Administrative Code: Document in which Florida's administrative regulations are found.

FAW Florida Administrative Weekly: The publication in Florida where proposed rules, workshops, hearings and final rules are advertised for public notice.

FDOT Florida Department of Transportation: State agency responsible for transportation issues and planning in Florida.

FHWA Federal Highway Administration: Division of the U.S. Department of Transportation responsible for administrating federal highway transportation programs.

FIHS Florida Intrastate Highway System: A statewide network of limited and controlled access highways whose primary function is for high speed and high volume traffic movements.

FIMAT Florida Institute for Marketing Alternative Transportion: Oraganization located in the College of Business at Florida State University which uses marketing techniques to influence decisions that people make concerning how they want to travel.

FR Federal Register: The federal publication where proposed rules, workshops, hearings and adopted rules are advertised for public notice.

FSUTMS Florida Standard Urban Transportation Modeling Structure: Computer model used in Florida for transportation planning to simulate existing and future travel patterns; developed by FDOT for long-range urban area transportation modeling.

FTA Federal Transit Administration: Formerly UMTA; federal entity responsible for transit planning and programs.

FTP Florida Transportation Plan: A statewide, comprehensive transportation plan which establishes long-range goals to be accomplished over a 20-25 year time frame; developed by Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT); updated on an annual basis.

FY Fiscal Year: A budget year; runs from July 1 through June 30 for the state of Florida, and from October 1 through September 30 for the federal government.

g Effective Green Time: The time (in seconds) within a given traffic signal phase during which drivers actually proceed through an intersection. (Green time minus starting delay time.)

G Green Time: The time (in seconds) within a given traffic signal phase when the light is green.

g/C g over C ratio: The ratio of the effective green time (g) to the traffic signal's cycle length (C).

HCM Highway Capacity Manual: The recognized manual describing accepted methodology for computing the capacity and level-of-service for various types of roads; published by the Transportation Research Board (TRB).

HCS Highway Capacity Software: Computer software for analyzing the capacity of signalized and non-signalized intersections and their level of service.

HOV High Occupancy Vehicle: In Florida, vehicles carrying 2 or more people; freeways, expressways and other large volume roads may have lanes designated for HOV use by carpoolers, vanpools, and buses.

HPMS Highway Performance Monitoring System: The system used by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to provide information on the condition of the nation's highway system, its use, performance and needs.

HSR High Speed Rail: A railway system which can transport people or goods at speeds in excess of 125 miles per hour; currently being considered in Florida between Miami, Orlando and Tampa.

ICE Intergovernmental Coordination Element: Required element of a local government comprehensive plan addressing coordination between adjacent local governments, and regional and state agencies; requirements for content are found in Rule 9J-5.015, F.A.C. and 163.3177(6)(h), F.S.

IJR Interchange Justification Report: Documentation submitted through the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to determine if a new interchange on an interstate is allowed.

IMS Intermodal Management System: Systematic process to improve the coordination in planning and implementation of air, water and land-based transportation facilities and services; required for transportation facilities connected to the National Highway System (NHS) as a part of ISTEA; must be in use by October 1, 1997; for non-NHS transportation facilities, the extent of an IMS is left to the discretion of state and local officials.

ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991: Federal law which restructured transportation planning and funding by requiring consideration of multimodal solutions, emphasis on the movement of people and goods as opposed to traditional highway investments, flexibility in the use of transportation funds, a greater role of MPOs, and a greater emphasis on public participation.

ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers: An international society of professionals in transportation and traffic engineering; publishes Trip Generation (a manual of trip generation rates by land use type). ITS Intelligent Transportation System: Use of computer and communications technology to facilitate the flow of information between travelers and system operators to improve mobility and transportation productivity, enhance safety, maximize the use of existing transportation facilities, conserve energy resources and reduce adverse environmental effects; includes concepts such as "freeway management systems," "automated fare collection" and "transit information kiosks."

IVHS Intelligent Vehicle/Highway Systems: Technologies that focus on monitoring, guiding or operating motorized vehicles, or providing information to travelers about road and traffic conditions; examples include computerized navigational systems in cars, collision warning systems and freeway ramp metering. JPA Joint Participation Agreement: Legal instrument describing intergovernmental tasks to be accomplished and/or funds to be paid between government agencies. K Design Hour Factor: Used to convert daily traffic counts to hourly traffic counts, and annual average traffic counts to peak season traffic counts; most road are designed for peak hour, peak season traffic counts.

JPA Joint Participation Agreement: Legal instrument describing intergovernmental tasks to be accomplished and/or funds to be paid between government agencies. K Design Hour Factor: Used to convert daily traffic counts to hourly traffic counts, and annual average traffic counts to peak season traffic counts; most road are designed for peak hour, peak season traffic counts. LDR Land Development Regulations: Local development regulations used to implement comprehensive plans; required by 9J-5.006, F.A.C. and Chapter 163.3177(6)(a), F.S.

LGCP Local Government Comprehensive Plan: An adopted plan of a municipality or county which describes its future development and growth; required by 9J-5.021, F.A.C. and Chapter 163.3177 and 163.3178 of the Florida Statutes (F.S.)

LOS Level of Service: A qualitative assessment of a road's operating condition; generally described using a scale of A (little congestion) to E/F (severe congestion).

LRC Long Range Component: The part of the Florida Transportation Plan (FTP) that addresses a time span of about 20 years; updated at least every five years to reflect changes in the issues, goals and long range objectives.

LRP Long Range Plan: A 20-year forecast plan required of state planning agencies and MPOs; must consider a wide range of social, environmental, energy and economic factors in determining overall regional goals and consider how transportation can best meet these goals.

LRT Light Rail Transit: An electric rail system which has single cars or short trains, and passengers board at track or car floor level; an example is the Dade Metro Rail system.

MIS Major Investment Study: A tool to aid decision-making with respect to an identified transportation need; evaluates cost and effectiveness of alternatives; required by ISTEA when a need for a major metropolitan transportation investment (MMTI) is identified and federal funds are potentially involved.

MMP Mobility Management Process: Florida's congestion management system (CMS).

MMTI Major Metropolitan Transportation Investment: A highway or transit improvement of substantial cost that is expected to have a significant effect on capacity, traffic flow, level of service or mode of service at the transportation corridor or subarea scale.

MOBILE Computer model used to determine motor vehicle emissions (in lbs.) based on emission factors for a given assumed fleet mix of older and newer motor vehicles.

MPA Metropolitan Planning Area: The geographic area within which the metropolitan transportation planning process is carried out.

MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization: The forum for cooperative transportation decision-making; required for urbanized areas with populations over 50,000.

MPOAC Metropolitan Planning Organization Advisory Council: An advisory council (consisting of one member from each MPO) that serves as the principal forum for collective policy discussion in urban areas; created by law to assist the MPOs in carrying out the urbanized area transportation planning process.

MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area: Refers to a central county(ies), and an adjacent county(ies) that is closely tied to it, that contains a city or urbanized area with a population of at least 50,000, and has a total population of at least 100,000; boundaries correspond to existing political jurisdictional boundaries; areas are designated by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget; term replaced SMSA after the 1980 census.

MTP Metropolitan Transportation Plan: A transportation plan with a twenty year planning horizon; developed by each MPO; must be updated at least triennially in non-attainment areas and every five years in attainment areas; should be cost feasible.

9J5 Rule 9J-5, F.A.C.: Rule from the Florida Administrative Code which identifies the minimum criteria for the content of local comprehensive plans; adopted by DCA.

NAA Nonattainment Area: Any geographic area of the U.S. that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has designated as an area which does not meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS).

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards: Federal standards that set maximum levels of allowable concentrations of various air pollutants.

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act: Federal law passed in 1969 which requires an analysis of environmental impacts of federal actions (including the funding of projects).

NHS National Highway System: Specific major roads to be designated by September 30, 1995; the NHS will consist of 155,000 (plus or minus 15%) miles of road and represents one category of roads eligible for federal funds under ISTEA.

NPTS Nationwide Personal Transportation Study: A transportation study, periodically undertaken by the Bureau of Census, which looks at travel patterns and frequency, transit use, and other travel characteristics at a national level.

NTS National Transportation System: Refers to those elements/facilities from aviation, highways (including the NHS), railroads, ports and waterways, pipelines and public transportation which play an important role in meeting national transportation needs; will be used to provide a policy framework to evaluate impacts and effectiveness of federal laws and regulations, to plan federal infrastructure investments, and to evaluate service levels; currently being developed by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). O-D Survey Origin-Destination Survey: A study which identifies where a selected sample of persons or cars came from (origin) and where they are going (destination); used to help understand travel patterns and trip purposes.

O-D Survey Origin-Destination Survey: A study which identifies where a selected sample of persons or cars came from (origin) and where they are going (destination); used to help understand travel patterns and trip purposes. PD&E Project Development and Environment Study: FDOT's name for a corridor study to establish conceptual design for a roadway and to determine its compliance with federal and state environmental laws and regulations.

PMS Pavement Management System: A systematic process utilized by state agencies and MPOs to analyze and summarize pavement information for use in selecting and implementing cost-effective pavement construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance programs; required for roads in the National Highway System (NHS) as a part of ISTEA; the extent to which the remaining public roads are included in the process is left to the discretion of state and local officials; criteria found in 23 CFR 500.201-.209; must be in use by October 1, 1997.

P&RP Program and Resource Plan: A ten year plan that establishes financial and production targets for transportation programs; guides program and funding decisions of the Florida Transportation Plan (FTP).

PTMS Public Transportation Facilities and Equipment Management System: A systematic process (required under ISTEA) utilized by state agencies and MPOs to collect and analyze information on the condition and cost of transit assets on a continual basis; data is to be used to help people choose cost effective strategies for providing and keeping transit facilities and equipment in good condition; process must be developed in Transportation Management Areas (TMAs); the use of CMS in non-TMAs is left to the discretion of state and local officals.

QA Quality Assurance Program: An internal FDOT quality control program which relies on their employees to identify and resolve problems related to quality concerns. RAC Regional Activity Center: A compact, high intensity, high density, multi-use area appropriate for high growth; these areas may be eligible for increased development of regional impact (DRI) thresholds pursuant to Rule 28-24, F.A.C.

RCI Roadway Congestion Index: A tool used to identify congestion on freeways and principal arterials; compares daily vehicle miles of travel per lane-mile to calculated daily vehicle miles of travel per lane-mile for identified congested conditions; an index value of 1.0 or greater indicates undesirable congestion.

RFB,RFP Request for Bids, Proposals, Qualifications: Preliminary stages of RFQ competitive procurement processes, most commonly associated with purchase of capital items or consulting services by governmental agencies.

RIN Regulation Identification Number: Identification number given to each federal action listed in the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulations.

ROW Right-of-way: Real property that is used for transportation purposes; (R/W) defines the extent of the corridor that can be used for the road and associated drainage.

RPC Regional Planning Council: A multipurpose organization composed of representatives of local governments and appointed representatives from the geographic area covered by the council, and designated as the primary organization to address problems and plan solutions that are of greater than local concern or scope; currently 11 regional planning councils exist in Florida.

SCP State Comprehensive Plan: Written goals, objectives and strategies that provide long range guidance for the social, economic and physical growth of the state; contained within Chapter 187, F.S.; regional and local comprehensive plans must be consistent with the SCP.

SHS State Highway System: A network of approximately 12,000 miles of highways in Florida owned and maintained by the state or state-created authorities; includes interstates, Florida's Turnpike, arterial highways and other toll facilities.

SIP State Implementation Plan: Required documents which identify state actions and programs that will be utilized to help the state meet the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) and comply with federal and state air quality laws; the plan is prepared by the state and submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for approval.

SLP State Land Plan: The comprehensive statewide plan setting forth state land development policies to implement the state comprehensive plan; developed by the Department of Community Affairs (DCA).

SMS Highway Safety Management System: A systematic process utilized by state agencies and MPOs to provide information necessary for selecting and implementing effective highway safety strategies and projects designed to reduce the number and severity of traffic accidents; required for roads in the National Highway System (NHS) as a part of ISTEA; must be in use by October 1, 1997; the extent to which the remaining public roads are included in the process is left to the discretion of state and local officials.

SMSA Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: See MSA. SOV Single Occupancy Vehicle: A vehicle occupied by only one person (the driver).

SRPP Strategic Regional Policy Plan: A plan, developed by each regional planning council (RPC), which contains goals and policies addressing affordable housing, economic development, emergency preparedness, natural resources of regional significance, and regional transportation issues; must be consistent with the state comprehensive plan (SCP).

STIP State Transportation Improvement Program: A staged, multiyear, statewide, intermodal program that is consistent with the state and metropolitan transportation plans; identifies the priority transportation projects to be done over the next three years; is developed by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) and must be approved by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) at least every two years.

STP Surface Transportation Program: A new federal block grant-type program created by ISTEA; may be used by states and localities for any roads (including the National Highway System) that are not functionally classified as local or rural minor collectors; roads eligible under this program are collectively known as federal-aid roads.

STP Statewide Transportation Plan: A long-range transportation plan (at least 20 years) which provides direction for developing a statewide transportation system; in Florida, the state transportation plan (STP) and the 2020 Florida Transportation Plan are developed by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT); criteria are found in 23 CFR 450.214.

STPP Surface Transportation Policy Project: A national public interest group dedicated to ensuring that transportation policy and investments help conserve energy, protect environmental and aesthetic quality, strengthen the economy, promote social equity, and make communities more liveable; emphasizes the needs of people, rather than vehicles, in assuring access to jobs, services and recreational opportunities.

TAC Technical Advisory Committee: A standing committee of most metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs); function is to provide advice on plans or actions of the MPO from planners, engineers and other staff members (not general citizens.)

TAZ Traffic Analysis Zone: The smallest geographical area routinely used for computer travel simulation. The number of dwellings, population, employment, etc. per TAZ are estimated for existing and future years, for subsequent use in trip generation. (Rule of thumb, maximum of 10,000 ADT from each TAZ.)

TCEA Transportation Concurrency Exception Area: A specific geographic area where transportation concurrency requirements do not apply; area must be designated in a local comprehensive plan; requirements found in Rule 9J-5.0055(6), F.A.C.

TCM Transportation Control Measure: Actions aimed at reducing air pollutant emissions from traffic; includes trip reduction ordinances, parking management, traffic flow improvements, etc.

TCMA Transportation Concurrency Management Area: A compact geographical area in which an areawide level of service (LOS) standard is applied for the purpose of meeting the concurrency requirements of Chapter 163, F.S.; area is designated in a local comprehensive plan; requirements are found in Rule 9J5.0055(5), F.A.C.

TD Transportation Disadvantaged: People who are unable to transport themselves or to purchase transportation due to disability, income status or age.

TDM Transportation Demand Management: Strategies to reduce peak period congestion which focus on managing travel demand; includes shifting solo drives to carpools or transit, staggered work hours, telecommuting and other similar concepts.

TDP Transit Development Program: A short term (5 years) plan that identifies the intended development of transit, including equipment purchase, system management and operation.

TEA Transportation Enhancement Activity: Specific activities which can be funded with Surface Transportation Program (STP) funds; activities include pedestrian/bicycle facilities, acquisition of scenic easements and scenic historic sites, scenic or historic highway programs, scenic beautification, historic preservation, rehabilitation/operation of historic transportation structures, railway corridor preservation, control/removal of outdoor advertising, archeological planning/research and mitigation of highway runoff water pollution.

TIJR Turnpike Interchange Justification Report: A study submitted to determine if a new turnpike interchange should be approved.

TIP Transportation Improvement Program: A priority list of transportation projects developed by a metropolitan planning organization that is to be carried out within the three year period following its adoption; must include documentation of federal and state funding sources for each project and be consistent with adopted local comprehensive plans.

TMA Transportation Management Association: a membership organization designed to help a group of businesses, companies, and other interested parties implement a commute management program; some funding for these groups is available through the state Commuter Assistance Program (CAP).

TMA Transportation Management Area: A special designation given to all urbanized areas with a population over 200,000 (or other area when requested by the Governor and MPO); these areas must comply with special transportation planning requirements regarding congestion management systems, project selection and certification; requirements identified in 23 CFR 450.300-.336.

TMS/H Traffic Monitoring System for Highways: A systematic process for collecting data regarding traffic counts, types of vehicles, vehicle weight and vehicle occupancy; all public roads except local or rural minor collectors are to be included; required by ISTEA to be in operation by October 1, 1996.

TND Traditional Neighborhood Design: A development concept which focuses on the neighborhood as the basic building block; incorporates mixed uses, hierarchy of streets, pedestrian orientation and architectural design.

TOD Transit-Oriented Development: A mixed use community or neighborhood designed to encourage transit use and pedestrian activity.

TRB Transportation Research Board: A unit of the National Research Council whose purpose is to advance knowledge about transportation systems; publishes the Highway Capacity Manual.

TRO Trip Reduction Ordinance: Ordinance which requires developers or employers to provide transportation demand management (TDM) strategies to employees; goal of these ordinances is to reduce traffic generated by businesses.

TSM Transportation Systems Management: Strategies to improve the efficiency of the transportation system through operational improvements such as the use of bus priority or reserved lanes, signalization, access management, turn restrictions, etc.

UAM Urban Airshed Model: Regional air quality model which allows overall concentrations for an entire region to be predicted.

UIA Urban Infill Area: A specific area delineated in a local comprehensive plan which can be eligible for designation as a transportation concurrency exception area (TCEA); requirements identified in Rule 9J-5.0055(6), F.A.C.

UPWP Unified Planning Work Program: Developed by Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs); identifies all transportation and transportation air quality activities anticipated within the next one to two years, including schedule for completing, who is doing it, and products to be produced

UZA (UA) Urbanized Area: As defined by the Bureau of Census, an area with a population of at least 50,000; generally consists of a central city and the surrounding suburbs; boundaries do not necessarily coincide with existing political jurisdictional boundaries; an MPO is required to be designated for each UZA(UA). VMT Vehicle Miles of Travel: Measure of travel activity for highways; computed by multiplying the number of vehicles by the miles traveled in a given area, route or highway over the specified time period (usually a day); VMT is often used as a measure of effectiveness for strategies to reduce miles traveled.

VT Vehicle Trip: The one-way movement of a vehicle between two points. WB Westbound: used to describe the direction traffic is traveling along a road; used in conjunction with EB (eastbound), NB (northbound), and SB (southbound). Z Data Traffic Zone Analysis Data: data commonly used in the FSUTMS process to figure out how many trips are generated in a given traffic analysis zone (TAZ) .

WB Westbound: used to describe the direction traffic is traveling along a road; used in conjunction with EB (eastbound), NB (northbound), and SB (southbound). Z Data Traffic Zone Analysis Data: data commonly used in the FSUTMS process to figure out how many trips are generated in a given traffic analysis zone (TAZ) .

Z Data Traffic Zone Analysis Data: data commonly used in the FSUTMS process to figure out how many trips are generated in a given traffic analysis zone (TAZ)

Date	Revision	Bulletin	Author	Change Description
05/15/2005	1	X		New Implementation
12/16/2006	2	X	OPERATIONS	UPDATE
06/06/2007	3	X	OPERATIONS	Address Change